There are three basic planes and joints in anatomy. All movements are defined according to these axes and planes.

Axis

1.Sagittal axis: It is the line that runs parallel to the ground from front to back. The axis is perpendicular to the frontal plane.
2.Vertical axis: It is parallel to the gravitational line. The axis is in the transverse plane.
3.Transverse axis: It is the line parallel to the ground extending from right to left or left to right. The axis is in the sagittal plane.

Planes

1.Sagittal plane: It is the plane perpendicular to the ground, which divides the body into two parts as right-left from the middle of the body.
2.Transverse (horizontal) plane: It is the plane that cuts the body transversely, divides it into upper and lower parts and is parallel to the ground.
3.Frontal (coronal) plane: It is the plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts and is perpendicular to the ground.

A) Movements on the sagittal axis and frontal plane

1.Abduction
2.Adduction
3.Lateral flexion

B) Movements on the transverse axis and sagittal plane

1.Flexion
2.Extension

C) Movements on the vertical axis and transverse plane

1.Internal rotation
2.External rotation